Texas 36Th Infantry Division

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The Texas 36th Infantry Division, affectionately known as the “Lone Star Division” and the “T-patchers,” stands as a testament to the extraordinary courage and resilience of American soldiers during World War II. Originating from the Texas and Oklahoma National Guard, this remarkable military unit carved its name into the annals of military history through its exceptional service and sacrifices across multiple European campaigns.

Origins and Early History

The 36th Infantry Division was first organized on July 18, 1917, during World War I, bringing together National Guard units from Texas and Oklahoma. Its distinctive shoulder patch, featuring a blue arrowhead with a green “T” symbolizing Texas and Oklahoma, became an iconic representation of the division’s unique heritage. Approximately 80 percent of the division’s personnel were from Texas, earning it the nickname “The Texas Division.”

Mobilization and World War II Deployment

On November 25, 1940, well before the United States officially entered World War II, the 36th Infantry Division was called to active federal service. The division underwent rigorous training, participating in various military maneuvers across Louisiana, Florida, and Massachusetts. In April 1943, the division embarked on its overseas journey, landing first in North Africa and then making history as the first American combat division to land on continental Europe during the Salerno invasion in Italy on September 9, 1943.

Pivotal Campaigns and Battles

The 36th Infantry Division distinguished itself through several critical military operations:

• Italian Campaign: Fought in challenging battles at Monte Cassino and San Pietro
• Rome Liberation: Played a crucial role in capturing Velletri and opening the gates to Rome on June 1, 1944
• Southern France Invasion: Landed on French beaches on August 15, 1944
• Siegfried Line Breakthrough: Attacked and broke through the formidable German defensive line
• Bavarian Alps: Reached the final stages of the European campaign

Remarkable Achievements and Sacrifices

The division’s war record was both impressive and devastating:

• Total Combat Days: 400 days of continuous fighting
• Battle Casualties: 19,466 total casualties
• Fatalities: 3,717 soldiers lost their lives
• Campaign Streamers: Earned seven campaign streamers
• Medal of Honor Recipients: 14 brave soldiers received the nation’s highest military honor

Notable Captures and Contributions

In the war’s final days, the 36th Infantry Division achieved remarkable feats, including:

• Capturing Hermann Göring, the high-ranking Nazi leader
• Capturing Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt
• Taking approximately 50,000 German prisoners
• Liberating subcamps of the Dachau concentration camp on April 30, 1945

Legacy and Recognition

The 36th Infantry Division was recognized by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum for its role in liberating Nazi concentration camps. Its legacy extends beyond World War II, with continued service through the Cold War and modern military operations.

Final Reflections

The Texas 36th Infantry Division represents more than just a military unit—it embodies the courage, sacrifice, and unwavering spirit of American soldiers. From the dusty training camps of Texas to the battlefields of Europe, these T-patchers demonstrated extraordinary bravery and commitment to freedom.