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Nestled in the heart of central O’ahu, Wheeler Army Airfield stands as a testament to American military aviation history, representing over a century of strategic importance and heroic legacy. Established in 1922 on the grounds of a former 17th Cavalry Regiment drill field, this historic airbase has witnessed some of the most pivotal moments in United States military aviation.
The Birth of a Historic Airfield
In February 1922, a small detachment of 20 enlisted men from Luke Field arrived at Schofield Barracks to clear the flying field. Under the leadership of Lieutenant William T. Agee, they transformed the landscape, removing weeds, guava, and algaroba trees. Two canvas hangars were erected, marking the modest beginnings of what would become a crucial military installation.
The airfield was officially christened Wheeler Field on November 11, 1922, honoring Major Sheldon H. Wheeler, a pioneering Army aviator who tragically died in a plane crash on Ford Island in 1921. This naming would set the stage for decades of aviation history.
Pioneering Aviation Achievements
Wheeler Field quickly became a hub for groundbreaking aviation achievements. The airfield was the launching point for several historic flights that captured the world’s imagination:
- In 1927, it hosted the first nonstop mainland-to-Hawaii flight by Army Air Corps Lieutenants Lester J. Maitland and Albert F. Hegenberger
- The famous Dole Air Race from California to Hawaii took place here in the same year
- In 1928, Charles E. Kingsford-Smith completed the first trans-Pacific flight from the United States to Australia
- In 1935, Amelia Earhart launched her groundbreaking solo flight from Hawaii to California
The Day of Infamy: Pearl Harbor Attack
Wheeler Army Airfield’s most defining moment came on December 7, 1941. During the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the airfield was a primary target. 25 Japanese dive-bombers dropped approximately 35 bombs on the hangars, turning the airfield into a blazing landscape of destruction.
Despite the overwhelming assault, 12 brave pilots from the 15th Pursuit Group managed to get their P-36 Hawk and P-40 Warhawk aircraft airborne. These courageous aviators engaged the Japanese in fierce dogfights, scoring some of the first American victories of World War II.
Devastating Losses
The attack was catastrophic for Wheeler Field:
- 83 aircraft were destroyed
- 38 enlisted men were killed
- 59 men were wounded
Post-War Evolution
After World War II, Wheeler Field underwent significant transformations. In 1947, it was redesignated as Wheeler Air Force Base. By 1991, the installation was transferred back to the U.S. Army and renamed Wheeler Army Airfield.
Modern-Day Significance
Today, Wheeler Army Airfield continues to play a crucial role in U.S. military operations. It serves as the home for the 25th Combat Aviation Brigade and supports various military units, including the Hawaii Army National Guard and the Defense Information Systems Agency.
In recognition of its historical importance, Wheeler Army Airfield was designated a National Historic Landmark in August 1987, preserving its legacy for future generations to understand and appreciate.
When was Wheeler Army Airfield established?
+Wheeler Army Airfield was established in 1922 by a detachment of soldiers from Luke Field, initially known as Wheeler Field.
Who was Wheeler Field named after?
+It was named after Major Sheldon H. Wheeler, an Army aviator who died in a plane crash on Ford Island in 1921.
What happened to Wheeler Field during Pearl Harbor?
+During the December 7, 1941 attack, Wheeler Field was heavily bombed, with 83 aircraft destroyed, 38 enlisted men killed, and 59 wounded. However, 12 American pilots managed to get airborne and engage the Japanese attackers.
Wheeler Army Airfield stands as a powerful reminder of American resilience, aviation innovation, and military sacrifice. From its humble beginnings in 1922 to its critical role in World War II and beyond, this historic airfield continues to symbolize the spirit of American military aviation.